نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیارگروه معارف اسلامی، دانشگاه صنعتی قم، قم، ایران
2 عضو هیئت علمی گروه معارف اسلامی،دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Employing a comparative-analytical approach, this study examines the sources of moral knowledge in the thought of Shaykh al-Ṭūsī and Qāḍī ʿAbd al-Jabbār. Its primary objective is to investigate their convergences and divergences regarding the foundational sources of moral epistemology—namely, reason (ʿaql), revelation (waḥy), and sense perception (ḥiss)—as well as the doctrine of intrinsic rational goodness and badness (al-ḥusn wa-l-qubḥ al-ʿaqlīyān) and the dialectic between reason and transmitted texts (naql).
The findings indicate that both theologians share a fundamental commitment to moral rationalism. They regard reason as an autonomous source for discerning moral values, affirm the objectivity and intrinsic nature of moral good and evil, and consider revelation a complementary and elucidating guide for reason. The locus of their divergence, however, lies in the scope and epistemic authority of this reason. Adopting a foundationalist and autonomous approach, Qāḍī ʿAbd al-Jabbār posits reason as the final and immediate arbiter of epistemic justification (ḥujjiyyah), maintaining that even the validity of transmitted texts ultimately depends upon its rational validation.
Conversely, operating within the framework of Imāmī Shīʿī theology, Shaykh al-Ṭūsī situates reason within an integrated epistemological matrix composed of reason, transmitted revelation, and the doctrine of infallibility (ʿiṣmah). In this model of "guided rationalism," reason retains its foundational primacy but receives its ultimate direction through the infallible interpretation of divine revelation.
This comparative analysis thereby reveals two distinct yet intellectually robust models of religious rationality, both of which offer valuable insights for contemporary inter-sectarian dialogue and constructive engagement with modern moral philosophy.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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