نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار گروه الهیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه پیام نور تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
This article offers a comparative and critical examination of the views of prominent Islamic mystics—Hallāj, ‘Ayn al-Quḍāt al-Hamadhānī, Ghazālī, Maybudī, and Ibn ‘Arabī—regarding the place of Satan within the order of creation. While Islamic theology and Sharī‘a regard Satan as a rejected and sinful being, these mystics have interpreted Iblīs’s disobedience not as the result of arrogance, but rather as stemming from pure monotheism, intense love, jealousy for the Beloved, or a cosmological necessity for the manifestation of the divine names within the framework of وحدة الوجود (waḥdat al-wujūd). Such interpretations include Hallāj’s “monotheistic Satan” and ‘Ayn al-Quḍāt’s portrayal of Satan as the embodiment of the divine “No” (lā). The present study challenges these interpretations through both immanent and transcendent critique. The immanent critique demonstrates that the sanctification of Iblīs on the basis of love is incompatible with the fundamental principle of servitude and absolute submission to the divine command in mystical thought. The transcendent critique further argues that this view conflicts with the explicit Qur’anic texts and the principles of divine justice. Ultimately, the existence of Satan is justified only as a relative evil and as an instrument of trial within the best possible order of creation, not as a true lover. The final aim of the study is to clarify the distinction between “divinized love” and the “epistemic rebellion” of Iblīs.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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